Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kugxininiso lwehlabathi kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nokuphuculwa kolwazi lokusingqongileyo,izithuthi zamandla amatsha (NEV)ngokuthe ngcembe ziye zaba yeyona nto iphambili kwintengiso yeemoto.
Njengeyona marike inkulu yehlabathi yezithuthi zamandla amatsha, i-China iphuma ngokukhawuleza njengenkokeli yamazwe ngamazwe kwiimoto zamandla amatsha ezinamandla okuvelisa, ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kunye nenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo. Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga iingenelo zezithuthi zamandla amatsha eTshayina, ligxininisa inkqubo yalo yokwenziwa kwelizwe kunye nomtsalane wayo kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe.
1. Iteknoloji entsha kunye neenzuzo zekhonkco lemizi-mveliso
Uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha eTshayina alunakwahlulwa kwizinto ezintsha zobuchwephesha obuqinileyo kunye nekhonkco lemizi-mveliso elivakalayo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-China yenze inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kwitekhnoloji yebhetri, iinkqubo zokuqhuba umbane kunye neteknoloji yenethiwekhi ekrelekrele. Umzekelo, brand Chinese ezifanaBYD,WeilaikwayeXiaopengbaye benza impumelelo eqhubekayo kubuninzi bamandla ebhetri, isantya sokutshaja kunye noluhlu lokuqhuba, ukuphucula ukusebenza ngokubanzi kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha.
Ngokwedatha yamva nje, abavelisi bebhetri baseTshayina bathathe indawo ebalulekileyo kwimarike yehlabathi, ngakumbi kwintsimi yeebhetri ze-lithium. Njengomvelisi omkhulu webhetri wehlabathi, i-CATL ayinikezeli kuphela iimveliso zayo kwimarike yasekhaya, kodwa iyazithumela kumazwe angaphandle, ibe liqabane elibalulekileyo leempawu zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana neTesla. Olu ncedo lunamandla lweshishini lenza izithuthi zaseTshayina zamandla amatsha zibe nokhuphiswano olucacileyo kulawulo lweendleko kunye nohlaziyo lwetekhnoloji.
2. Inkxaso yoMgaqo-nkqubo kunye neMfuno yeMarike
Imigaqo-nkqubo yokuxhasa urhulumente waseTshayina kwizithuthi zamandla amatsha inika isiqinisekiso esinamandla sophuhliso lweshishini. Ukususela ngo-2015, urhulumente waseTshayina uqalise uluhlu lwemigaqo-nkqubo yenkxaso-mali, izaphulelo zokuthengwa kwemoto kunye nezicwangciso zokwakhiwa kweziseko ezingundoqo ezihlawuliswayo, eziye zavuselela kakhulu imfuno yemarike. Ngokutsho kwe-China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, i-China entsha yokuthengisa imoto yamandla iya kufikelela kwi-6.8 yezigidi kwi-2022, ukwanda okungaphezulu kwe-100% ngonyaka. Le ntshukumo yokukhula ayibonisi kuphela ukuqatshelwa kwabathengi basekhaya kwizithuthi zamandla amatsha, kodwa ibeka isiseko sophuhliso lwemarike yamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukongeza, njengoko imimiselo yokusingqongileyo yehlabathi iya isanda, amazwe amaninzi kunye nemimandla sele iqalile ukukhawulela ukuthengiswa kweemoto zemveli kwaye endaweni yoko ixhasa uphuhliso lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha. Oku kubonelela ngobume bemarike obulungileyo bokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha eTshayina. Ngo-2023, inqwelo yamandla entsha yaseTshayina ethunyelwa ngaphandle idlule kwisigidi esi-1 okokuqala ngqa, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yenye yezona zithuthi zinkulu emhlabeni wonke ezithumela ngaphandle izithuthi zamandla amatsha, idibanisa ngakumbi isikhundla saseTshayina kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.
3. Uyilo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nefuthe lophawu
Iimpawu zezithuthi zamandla amatsha aseTshayina ziyakhawulezisa uyilo lwazo kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe, zibonisa impembelelo yophawu olumandla. Thatha i-BYD njengomzekelo. Inkampani ayihlali nje kwindawo ephambili kwimarike yasekhaya, kodwa ikwandise ngokukhutheleyo iimarike zaphesheya, ngakumbi eYurophu naseMzantsi Melika. I-BYD ingene ngempumelelo kwiimarike zamazwe amaninzi ngo-2023 kwaye yaseka ubudlelwane bentsebenziswano kunye neenkampani zasekhaya, ukukhuthaza ukwenziwa kophawu lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukongeza, iimveliso ezivelayo ezinjenge-NIO kunye ne-Xpeng zikwakhuphisana ngenkuthalo kwintengiso yamazwe aphesheya. I-NIO yasungula i-SUV yayo yombane ephezulu kwimarike yaseYurophu kwaye yakhawuleza yaphumelela ukuthandwa ngabathengi ngoyilo lwayo olubalaseleyo kunye nobuchwepheshe. I-Xpeng iwuphucule umfanekiso wayo wehlabathi kunye nokuqondwa kwentengiso ngokusebenzisana nabenzi beemoto abaziwayo kumazwe ngamazwe.
Ukuthengiswa kweenqwelo zamandla amatsha eTshayina akubonakali nje ekuthunyelweni kwemveliso kumazwe angaphandle, kodwa nakwithekhinoloji kunye nokwandiswa kweenkonzo kumazwe angaphandle. Iinkampani zaseTshayina ziseke uthungelwano lokutshaja kunye neenkqubo zenkonzo yasemva kokuthengisa kwiimarike zaphesheya, nto leyo ephucule amava abathengi kwaye yongeze ngakumbi ukukhuphisana kweempawu zabo.
Ukunyuka kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha eChina akukona nje ukuphumelela kwezobuchwepheshe kunye neemarike, kodwa kunye nokubonakaliswa okuphumelelayo kwesicwangciso selizwe. Ngotshintsho olomeleleyo lwetekhnoloji, inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo kunye noyilo lwamazwe ngamazwe, izithuthi zamandla amatsha eTshayina zibe ngumdlali obalulekileyo kwimarike yehlabathi. Kwixesha elizayo, njengoko ihlabathi linika ingqwalasela ethe kratya kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo, izithuthi zamandla amatsha eTshayina ziya kuqhubeka ukudlala iingenelo zazo kwaye zitsale ingqalelo engakumbi kunye nokuthandwa ngabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. Inkqubo yokwenziwa kuzwelonke yezithuthi zamandla amatsha iza kuzisa amathuba amatsha kunye nemingeni kwishishini leemoto zehlabathi kwaye ikhuthaze uphuhliso lweshishini lonke ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-15-2025