Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, entsha yaseTshayinaishishini lezithuthi zamandlaifumene uphuhliso olukhawulezayo kwaye ibe ngumdlali obalulekileyo kwimarike yezithuthi zombane zehlabathi. Ngokutsho kwedatha yemarike yamva nje kunye nohlalutyo lweshishini, i-China ayiphumelelanga kuphela impumelelo ephawulekayo kwimarike yasekhaya, kodwa ibonise ukhuphiswano olomeleleyo kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe. Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga imeko yangoku, imiceli mngeni kunye neendlela zophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lwesithuthi samandla esitsha saseTshayina esithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle ukusuka kwiimbono ezininzi.
1. Ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza kweshishini elitsha leenqwelo zamandla eTshayina
Ukunyuka kweshishini elitsha lezithuthi zamandla eTshayina kunokulandwa emva kowama-2010, xa ilizwe lazisa uluhlu lwemigaqo-nkqubo yokukhuthaza uphuhliso lwezithuthi zombane. Ngokuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kwetekhnoloji kunye nokwanda kwemfuno yentengiso, abavelisi bezithuthi zombane baseTshayina njenge-BYD, i-NIO, kunye ne-Xpeng bavele ngokukhawuleza kwaye baba ngabadlali ababalulekileyo kwintengiso yezithuthi zombane zehlabathi.
Ngokutsho kwe-China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, ukuthengiswa kwe-China yezithuthi zamandla amatsha kufikelele kwi-6.8 yezigidi ngo-2022, kubalwa malunga ne-60% yeentengiso zezithuthi zombane zehlabathi. Eli nani alibonisi nje ubunkokeli baseTshayina kwizithuthi zombane, kodwa likwabonisa amandla alo aqinileyo kubuchule obutsha bobugcisa kunye nokukhuthazwa kweemarike.
2. Ukwandiswa kweemarike zangaphandle
Njengoko imakethi yasekhaya ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe, abavelisi bezithuthi zamandla amatsha baseTshayina baqala ukujolisa ingqalelo yabo kwintengiso yezizwe ngezizwe. Ngokutsho kwedatha evela kwi-General Administration of Customs, i-China entsha yokuthunyelwa kwezithuthi zamandla ngaphandle ifikelele kwiiyunithi ze-500,000 kwi-2022, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka we-120%. Oku kukhula kubangelwa ikakhulu zezi zinto zilandelayo:
(1) Izinto eziluncedo kwezobuchwephesha: Iimoto zamandla amatsha zaseTshayina zenze inkqubela ebonakalayo kubuchwepheshe bebhetri, ubukrelekrele, kunye nokuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo. Ngokomzekelo, ibhetri ye-BYD ye-blade inomsebenzi obalaseleyo kukhuseleko kunye nokunyamezela, ukutsala abathengi abaninzi bamazwe ngamazwe.
(2) Ukukhuphisana kwexabiso: Ixabiso lezithuthi zamandla amatsha aseChina liphantsi kwaye liyakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi abahlukeneyo. Kubathengi kwiimarike ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe, ixabiso liyingqwalasela ebalulekileyo xa ukhetha izithuthi zombane.
(3) Inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo: Urhulumente waseTshayina unikezele ngenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo wokuthunyelwa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha, kubandakanywa ukukhululwa kwirhafu kunye nenkxaso-mali yokuthumela ngaphandle, njl.
3. Uhlalutyo lweemarike ezinkulu zokuthumela ngaphandle
Iimarike ezintsha zezithuthi zaseTshayina ezithumela ngaphandle zigxile kakhulu eYurophu, kuMzantsi-mpuma Asia, eMzantsi Melika nakweminye imimandla.
(1) Imarike yaseYurophu: Njengoko amazwe aseYurophu enikela ingqalelo ngakumbi nangakumbi kwimigaqo-nkqubo yokukhusela indalo, imfuno yezithuthi zombane iyaqhubeka nokunyuka. Abavelisi baseTshayina abanjengoWeilai kunye noXiaopeng baqhube kakuhle kakhulu kwimarike yaseYurophu, ngakumbi kumazwe anjengeNorway, iJamani neFrance. Uluhlu oluyimpumelelo lwe-Weilai eNorway luphawula ukwanda kokuqondwa kweempawu zemoto yombane yaseTshayina kwimarike yaseYurophu.
(2) Imarike ye-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia: Amazwe akuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia anjenge-Thailand kunye ne-Indonesia nawo abe ziimarike ezibalulekileyo zokuthumela ngaphandle kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha e-China. Oorhulumente bala mazwe bakhuthaza ngenkuthalo ukuthandwa kwezithuthi zombane kunye nokubonelela ngemeko entle yentengiso. Iprojekthi yebhasi yombane ye-BYD eThailand ibe yimpumelelo, idibanisa ngakumbi indawo yayo kwimarike yase-Asia-mpuma.
(3) Imarike yaseMzantsi Melika: Imfuno yezithuthi zombane kwimarike yaseMzantsi Melika nayo iyanda ngokuthe ngcembe. Abavelisi bezithuthi zamandla amatsha eTshayina baye bavula ngokuthe ngcembe iimarike kumazwe afana neBrazil neArgentina ngokusebenzisana neenkampani zalapha ekhaya.
IV. Imingeni
Nangona iimoto zamandla amatsha zaseTshayina zenze impumelelo ebalaseleyo kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe, zisajongene nemingeni ethile:
(1)Ulwazi lweBrand: Nangona izithuthi zamandla amatsha aseTshayina zineengenelo kubuchwepheshe kunye nexabiso, kwamanye amazwe aphuhlileyo, ulwazi lwabathengi ngeempawu zaseTshayina lusephantsi. Indlela yokuphucula umfanekiso webrand kunye nokuthembana kwabathengi yingxaki ekufuneka iinkampani zaseTshayina ziyisombulule.
(2)Izithintelo zorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe: Amanye amazwe amisele iirhafu eziphezulu kunye nemigangatho yobugcisa yezithuthi zombane ezithengwa kwamanye amazwe, ezibeka imiqobo ethile ekuthunyelweni ngaphandle kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha aseTshayina. Iinkampani zaseTshayina kufuneka ziphendule ngokusebenzayo kule miqobo yorhwebo kwaye zifumane izicwangciso ezifanelekileyo zokungena kwimarike.
(3) Umahluko kwimigangatho yobugcisa: Amazwe ahlukeneyo anemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yobugcisa kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko kwizithuthi zombane. Iinkampani zaseTshayina kufuneka zenze uhlengahlengiso oluhambelanayo kunye nophuculo olusekwe kwiimfuno zentengiso ekujoliswe kuyo.
V. IiNdlela zoPhuhliso lwekamva
Ukujonga phambili, amathuba amatsha okuthunyelwa kwezithuthi zamandla aseTshayina ahlala ebanzi. Njengoko ihlabathi lihlawula ingqalelo ngakumbi kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo, imfuno yemarike yezithuthi zombane iya kuqhubeka ikhula. Iinkampani zaseTshayina zinokwandisa ngakumbi iimarike zazo zamazwe ngamazwe ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:
(1)Qinisa iteknoloji entsha: Qhubeka unyusa utyalo-mali lwe-R&D ukuphucula itekhnoloji yebhetri, inqanaba lobukrelekrele kunye nezakhono zokuqhuba ezizimeleyo ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu yentengiso yezizwe ngezizwe.
(2)Ukuseka ikhonkco lokubonelela ngehlabathi: Ngokumisela iziseko zemveliso kunye namaziko e-R&D phesheya kolwandle, sinokunciphisa iindleko zemveliso, siphucule isantya sokuphendula kwiimarike, kwaye sikhulise ukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe.
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(4) Ukuphendula ngokusebenzayo kwiinguqu zomgaqo-nkqubo: Nika ingqalelo ngokukhawuleza utshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe kwaye ulungelelanise ngokuguquguqukayo izicwangciso zemarike ukuze uhlangabezane nemiqobo yorhwebo enokwenzeka kunye nokungafani kwimigangatho yobugcisa.
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Ixesha lokuposa: May-26-2025