Ingxaki “yokwaluphala” ikuyo yonke indawo. Ngoku lithuba lecandelo lebhetri.
"Inani elikhulu leebhetri zezithuthi zamandla amatsha ziya kuba neewaranti zazo eziphelelwa yisikhathi kwiminyaka esibhozo ezayo, kwaye kungxamisekile ukusombulula ingxaki yobomi bebhetri." Kungekudala, u-Li Bin, usihlalo kunye ne-CEO ye-NIO, uye walumkisa amaxesha amaninzi ukuba ukuba lo mbandela awukwazi ukuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo, ixesha elizayo Iindleko ezinkulu ziya kuchithwa ukuxazulula iingxaki ezilandelayo.
Kwimarike yebhetri yamandla, lo nyaka ngunyaka okhethekileyo. Ngo-2016, ilizwe lam liphumeze umgaqo-nkqubo wewaranti yeminyaka eyi-8 okanye i-120,000 yeekhilomitha kwiibhetri zezithuthi zamandla amatsha. Namhlanje, iibhetri zezithuthi zamandla amatsha ezithengiweyo kunyaka wokuqala womgaqo-nkqubo zisondela okanye zifikelela ekupheleni kwexesha lewaranti. Idatha ibonisa ukuba kule minyaka isibhozo izayo, iyonke ngaphezu kwe-19 yezigidi zeenqwelo zamandla amatsha ziya kungena ngokuthe ngcembe kumjikelo wokutshintsha ibhetri.
Kwiinkampani zeemoto ezifuna ukwenza ishishini lebhetri, le yimarike engafanele iphoswe.
Ngo-1995, imoto yokuqala entsha yelizwe lam yaqengqeleka kumgca wendibano-ibhasi yombane ecocekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi "Yuanwang". Kwiminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo ukusukela ngoko, ishishini elitsha lezithuthi zelizwe lam liye lakhula ngokucothayo.
Ngenxa yokuba ingxolo incinci kakhulu kwaye ziyizithuthi ezisebenzayo, abasebenzisi abakakwazi ukunandipha imigangatho yewaranti yesizwe edibeneyo "yentliziyo" yezithuthi zamandla amatsha - ibhetri. Amanye amaphondo, izixeko okanye iinkampani zeemoto ziye zaqulunqa imigangatho yewaranti yebhetri yamandla, uninzi lwazo lubonelela ngewaranti yeminyaka emi-5 okanye eyi-100,000 yeekhilomitha, kodwa amandla okubopha awanamandla.
Kwakungekho kude kube yi-2015 ukuba iintengiso zelizwe lam zonyaka zezithuthi zamandla amatsha zaqala ukudlula uphawu lwe-300,000, ibe ngumbutho omtsha ongenakuhoywa. Ukongeza, urhulumente ubonelela "imali yokwenene" imigaqo-nkqubo efana nenkxaso-mali entsha kunye nokukhululwa kwirhafu yokuthenga ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lwamandla amatsha, kunye neenkampani zeemoto kunye noluntu nazo zisebenza kunye.
Ngo-2016, umgaqo-nkqubo osemgangathweni wewaranti yebhetri yamandla edibeneyo yesizwe uye wabakhona. Ixesha lewaranti yeminyaka eyi-8 okanye i-120,000 yeekhilomitha lide kakhulu kuneminyaka emi-3 okanye iikhilomitha ezingama-60,000 zenjini. Ukuphendula umgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokuqwalaselwa kokwandisa intengiso yamandla amatsha, ezinye iinkampani zeemoto zandise ixesha lewaranti ukuya kwiikhilomitha ezingama-240,000 okanye iwaranti yobomi. Oku kufana nokunika abathengi abafuna ukuthenga izithuthi zamandla amatsha "ukuqinisekiswa".
Ukususela ngoko, imarike yamandla entsha yelizwe lam ingene kwinqanaba lokukhula ngokukhawuleza kabini, kunye nokuthengiswa kwezithuthi ezidlula isigidi esinye okokuqala kwi-2018. Ukususela kunyaka odlulileyo, inani eliqokelelweyo leenqwelo zamandla amatsha kunye neziqinisekiso zeminyaka esibhozo zifikelele kwi-19.5. izigidi, ulwando oluphindwe ngama-60 ukusuka kwiminyaka esixhenxe eyadlulayo.
Ngokuhambelanayo, ukusuka ku-2025 ukuya ku-2032, inani lezithuthi zamandla amatsha anewaranti yebhetri ephelelwe lixesha nayo iya kunyuka unyaka nonyaka, ukusuka kwi-320,000 yokuqala ukuya kwi-7.33 yezigidi. U-Li Bin ubonise ukuba ukususela kunyaka ozayo, abasebenzisi baya kujongana neengxaki ezifana nebhetri yamandla ngaphandle kwewaranti, "ibhetri yemoto inobomi obuhlukeneyo" kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokutshintsha ibhetri.
Le nto iya kubonakala ngakumbi kwiibhetshi zokuqala zezithuthi zamandla amatsha. Ngelo xesha, ubugcisa bebhetri, iinkqubo zokwenziwa kwemveliso, kunye neenkonzo zasemva kokuthengisa zazingekavuthwa ngokwaneleyo, nto leyo eyayibangela ukuba imveliso ingazinzi. Malunga ne-2017, iindaba zokutsha kwebhetri yamandla zavela enye emva kwenye. Umxholo wokhuseleko lwebhetri uye waba ngumba oshushu kushishino kwaye ukwachaphazele nokuzithemba kwabathengi ekuthengeni izithuthi zamandla amatsha.
Okwangoku, kukholelwa ngokubanzi kwishishini ukuba ubomi bebhetri ngokubanzi malunga neminyaka emi-3-5, kwaye ubomi benkonzo yemoto buhlala budlula iminyaka emi-5. Ibhetri lelona candelo libiza kakhulu kwisithuthi samandla esitsha, esibalelwa ngokubanzi malunga ne-30% yexabiso lilonke lesithuthi.
I-NIO ibonelela ngeseti yolwazi lweendleko kwiipakethi zebhetri ezifakwe emva kokuthengiswa kwezinye iimoto zamandla amatsha. Umzekelo, umthamo webhetri yekhowudi yombane ecocekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi "A" yi-96.1kWh, kwaye ixabiso lokubuyisela ibhetri liphezulu njenge-233,000 yuan. Kwiimodeli ezimbini zoluhlu olwandisiweyo olunomthamo webhetri malunga ne-40kWh, ixabiso lokubuyisela ibhetri lingaphezulu kwe-80,000 ye-yuan. Nakwiimodeli ezixutyiweyo ezinomthamo wombane ongekho ngaphezulu kwe-30kWh, ixabiso lokutshintsha ibhetri lisondele kwi-yuan engama-60,000.
"Ezinye iimodeli ezivela kubavelisi abanobungane ziqhube i-1 yezigidi zeekhilomitha, kodwa iibhetri ezintathu zonakaliswe," kusho uLi Bin. Iindleko zokutshintsha iibhetri ezintathu zigqithise ixabiso lemoto ngokwayo.
Ukuba iindleko zokutshintsha ibhetri ziguqulwa zibe yi-yuan ye-60,000, ngoko i-19.5 yezigidi zezithuthi zamandla amatsha azo iwaranti yebhetri iya kuphelelwa iminyaka esibhozo iya kudala imarike entsha yeetriliyoni zeedola. Ukusuka kwiinkampani zemigodi ye-lithium ukuya kwiinkampani zebhetri zamandla aphakathi ukuya kwiinkampani zemoto ezisezantsi kunye nezantsi kunye nabathengisi emva kokuthengisa, bonke baya kuxhamla kule nto.
Ukuba iinkampani zifuna ukufumana i-pie engaphezulu, kufuneka zikhuphisane ukuze zibone ukuba ngubani onokuvelisa ibhetri entsha enokuthi ibambe ngcono "iintliziyo" zabathengi.
Kule minyaka isibhozo izayo, ziphantse zibe zizigidi ezingama-20 iibhetri zezithuthi eziya kungena kumjikelo wokutshintshwa. Iinkampani zebhetri kunye neenkampani zeemoto zonke zifuna ukulibamba eli "shishini".
Njengendlela eyantlukwano yophuhliso lwamandla amatsha, iinkampani ezininzi zikwachaze ukuba itekhnoloji yebhetri ikwamkele uyilo lwemigca emininzi efana ne-lithium iron phosphate, i-ternary lithium, i-lithium iron manganese phosphate, i-semi-solid state, kunye nelizwe eliqinileyo. Ngeli nqanaba, i-lithium iron phosphate kunye neebhetri ze-lithium ze-ternary zezona ziqhelekileyo, zibalela phantse i-99% yesiphumo esipheleleyo.
Okwangoku, umgangatho womgangatho webhetri welizwe welizwe awukwazi ukudlula i-20% ngexesha lewaranti, kwaye ifuna ukuba ukucutha umthamo kungadluli kwi-80% emva kwe-1,000 yentlawulo epheleleyo kunye nemijikelo yokukhupha.
Nangona kunjalo, ekusebenziseni ngokwenene, kunzima ukuhlangabezana nale mfuneko ngenxa yemiphumo yokushisa okuphantsi kunye nokushisa okuphezulu kokutshaja kunye nokukhupha. Idatha ibonisa ukuba okwangoku, ezininzi iibhetri zineepesenti ezingama-70 kuphela zempilo ngexesha lewaranti. Emva kokuba impilo yebhetri yehla ngaphantsi kwe-70%, ukusebenza kwayo kuya kuhla kakhulu, amava omsebenzisi aya kuchaphazeleka kakhulu, kwaye kuya kuvela iingxaki zokhuseleko.
Ngokutsho kwe-Weilai, ukuhla kobomi bebhetri kuhambelana ikakhulu nemikhwa yokusetyenziswa kwabanikazi bemoto kunye neendlela "zokugcinwa kwemoto", apho "ukugcinwa kwemoto" kubalelwa kwi-85%. Abanye oogqirha bachaza ukuba abasebenzisi abaninzi bamandla amatsha namhlanje baqhele ukusebenzisa ukutshaja okukhawulezayo ukuzalisa amandla, kodwa ukusetyenziswa rhoqo ukutshaja okukhawulezayo kuya kukhawulezisa ukuguga kwebhetri kwaye kunciphise ubomi bebhetri.
U-Li Bin ukholelwa ukuba i-2024 lixesha elibaluleke kakhulu. "Kuyimfuneko ukwenza isicwangciso sobomi bebhetri obungcono kubasebenzisi, ishishini lonke, kunye noluntu lonke."
Ngokubhekiselele kuphuhliso lwangoku lwetheknoloji yebhetri, ukucwangciswa kweebhetri zobomi obude kukulungele ngakumbi kwimarike. Into ebizwa ngokuba yibhetri yobomi obude, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi "ibhetri enganyikinyekiyo", isekelwe kwiibhetri zolwelo ezikhoyo (ikakhulu iibhetri ze-lithium ze-ternary kunye neebhetri ze-lithium carbonate) kunye nokuphuculwa kwenkqubo ye-nano kwizinto ezilungileyo kunye ezimbi ze-electrode ukulibazisa ukuthotywa kwebhetri. . Oko kukuthi, izinto ezintle ze-electrode zongezwa "nge-agent ye-lithium yokuzalisa", kunye ne-electrode engafanelekanga ifakwe nge-silicon.
Igama leshishini elithi "silicon doping kunye ne-lithium replenishing". Abanye abahlalutyi bathi ngexesha lokutshaja kwamandla amatsha, ngakumbi ukuba ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kusetyenziswa rhoqo, "i-lithium absorption" iya kwenzeka, oko kukuthi, i-lithium ilahlekile. I-Lithium supplementation inokwandisa ubomi bebhetri, ngelixa i-silicon doping inokunciphisa ixesha lokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwebhetri.
Ngapha koko, iinkampani ezifanelekileyo zisebenza nzima ukuphucula ubomi bebhetri. Nge-14 kaMatshi, i-NIO yakhupha isicwangciso sayo sobomi obude bebhetri. Kwintlanganiso, i-NIO yazisa ukuba inkqubo yebhetri ye-ultra-high ye-ultra-high ephuhlisiwe inoxinano lwamandla angaphezu kwama-50% ngelixa igcina umthamo ofanayo. Kunyaka ophelileyo, i-Weilai ET7 ixhotyiswe ngebhetri ye-150-degree yovavanyo lwangempela, kwaye ubomi bebhetri ye-CLTC budlule i-1,000 yeekhilomitha.
Ukongeza, i-NIO ikwaphuhlise inkqubo yebhetri eyi-100kWh epakishwe ngokuthambileyo ye-CTP ye-cell-diffusion kunye ne-75kWh ternary iron-lithium hybrid battery system. Iseli yebhetri enkulu ephuhlisiwe ekwazi ukumelana nangaphakathi kwi-1.6 milliohms inamandla okutshaja ayi-5C kwaye inokuhlala ukuya kuthi ga kwi-255km ngentlawulo yemizuzu emi-5.
I-NIO ithe ngokusekwe kumjikelo omkhulu wokutshintsha ibhetri, ubomi bebhetri busenokugcina impilo ye-80% emva kweminyaka eyi-12, ephezulu kunomndilili weshishini we-70% yezempilo kwiminyaka eyi-8. Ngoku, i-NIO isebenzisana ne-CATL ukuphuhlisa ngokubambisana iibhetri zobomi obude, ngenjongo yokuba nenqanaba lezempilo elingekho ngaphantsi kwe-85% xa ubomi bebhetri buphela kwiminyaka eyi-15.
Ngaphambi koku, i-CATL yabhengeza ngo-2020 ukuba yenze "ibhetri ye-zero attenuation" enokufikelela kwi-zero attenuation ngaphakathi kwemijikelo eyi-1,500. Ngokutsho kwabantu abaqheleneyo nalo mbandela, ibhetri isetyenziswe kwiiprojekthi zokugcina amandla eCATL, kodwa akukho zindaba zikhoyo kwintsimi yezithuthi zabagibeli zamandla amatsha.
Ngeli xesha, iCATL kunye neZhiji Automobile zakha iibhetri zamandla ngokudibeneyo zisebenzisa itekhnoloji ye "silicon-doped lithium-supplemented", besithi banokufikelela kwi-zero attenuation kunye "nokuze kutsha okuzenzekelayo" kwiikhilomitha ezingama-200,000, kunye nobuninzi bamandla obuninzi bebhetri. ukufikelela kwi-300Wh / kg.
Ukuthandwa kunye nokukhuthazwa kweebhetri zobomi obude kunokubaluleka okuthile kwiinkampani zeemoto, abasebenzisi bamandla amatsha kunye neshishini lonke.
Okokuqala, kwiinkampani zeemoto kunye nabavelisi beebhetri, kwandisa i-bargaining chip kumlo wokuseta umgangatho webhetri. Nabani na onokuphuhlisa okanye afake iibhetri zobomi obude kuqala uya kuba nelizwi elininzi kwaye athathe iimarike ezininzi kuqala. Ngokukodwa iinkampani ezinomdla kwimarike yokutshintsha ibhetri zinomdla ngakumbi.
Njengoko sonke sisazi, ilizwe lam alikaqulunqi umgangatho odityanisiweyo webhetri kweli nqanaba. Okwangoku, itekhnoloji yokutshintsha ibhetri yeyona ndawo iphambili yovavanyo lomgangatho webhetri. UXin Guobin, uSekela Mphathiswa weSebe lezoShishino kunye nobuChwepheshe boLwazi, wayibeka yacaca ngoJuni kulo nyaka uphelileyo ukuba uza kufunda aze aqulunqe inkqubo yomgangatho wokutshintsha ibhetri kwaye akhuthaze ukudityaniswa kobungakanani bebhetri, ujongano lokutshintsha ibhetri, imigaqo yonxibelelwano kunye neminye imigangatho. . Oku akukhuthazi nje ukutshintshwa kunye nokuguquguquka kweebhetri, kodwa kunceda ukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
Amashishini anqwenela ukuba ngabaseti abasemgangathweni kwimarike yokutshintsha ibhetri ayakhawulezisa iinzame zawo. Ukuthatha i-NIO njengomzekelo, ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni kunye nokucwangciswa kwedatha enkulu yebhetri, i-NIO yandise umjikelo wobomi kunye nexabiso leebhetri kwinkqubo ekhoyo. Oku kuzisa indawo yohlengahlengiso lwexabiso leenkonzo zokurenta ibhetri ye-BaaS. Kwinkonzo entsha yokurenta ibhetri ye-BaaS, ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lokurenta ipakethi yebhetri lincitshisiwe ukusuka kwi-980 yuan ukuya kwi-728 yuan ngenyanga, kwaye ipakethe yebhetri yobomi obude ihlengahlengiswe ukusuka kwi-1,680 yuan ukuya kwi-yuan eyi-1,128 ngenyanga.
Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuba ukwakhiwa kwentsebenziswano yokutshintshiselana kwamandla phakathi koontanga kuhambelana nesikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo.
I-NIO yinkokeli kwintsimi yokutshintsha ibhetri. Kunyaka ophelileyo, i-Weilai ingene kumgangatho wesizwe wokutshintsha ibhetri "khetha enye kwezine". Okwangoku, i-NIO iye yakha kwaye yasebenza ngaphezu kwe-2,300 izikhululo zokutshintsha iibhetri kwimarike yehlabathi, kwaye itsale i-Changan, i-Geely, i-JAC, i-Chery kunye nezinye iinkampani zeemoto ukuba zijoyine inethiwekhi yayo yokutshintsha ibhetri. Ngokweengxelo, isikhululo sokutshintsha ibhetri se-NIO sikwi-avareji ye-70,000 yebhetri etshintshiweyo ngosuku, kwaye ukusukela ngoMatshi walo nyaka, ibonelele abasebenzisi nge-40 yezigidi zeebhetri.
Ukuqaliswa kwe-NIO yeebhetri zobomi obude ngokukhawuleza kunokunceda indawo yayo kwimarike yokutshintsha ibhetri ukuba izinze ngakumbi, kwaye inokunyusa ubunzima bayo ekubeni yi-standard-setter yokutshintsha ibhetri. Ngelo xesha, ukuthandwa kweebhetri zobomi obude kuya kunceda iimpawu zokwandisa iiprimiyamu zabo. Umntu ongaphakathi uthe, "Iibhetri zobomi obude ngoku zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso eziphezulu."
Kubathengi, ukuba iibhetri zobomi obude ziveliswa ngobuninzi kwaye zifakwe kwiimoto, ngokuqhelekileyo akudingeki ukuba zihlawule ukutshintshwa kwebhetri ngexesha lewaranti, ngokuqonda ngokwenene "ubude obufanayo bemoto kunye nebhetri." Isenokuthathwa njengokunciphisa ngokungangqalanga iindleko zokutshintsha ibhetri.
Nangona kugxininiswe kwincwadi entsha yewaranti yemoto yamandla ukuba ibhetri inokutshintshwa ngaphandle kwentlawulo ngexesha lewaranti. Nangona kunjalo, umntu oqhelene nalo mbandela uthe ukutshintshwa kwebhetri simahla kuxhomekeke kwiimeko. "Kwiimeko zokwenyani, indawo yasimahla ayifane ibonelelwe, kwaye ukutshintshwa kwayo kuya kwaliwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo." Ngokomzekelo, uphawu oluthile ludwelisa umda ongewona iwaranti, enye yayo "ukusetyenziswa kwemoto" Ngexesha lenkqubo, inani lokukhutshwa kwebhetri liyi-80% ephezulu kunomthamo webhetri.
Ukusuka kulo mbono, iibhetri zobomi obude ngoku zishishini elinamandla. Kodwa xa iya kwandiswa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, ixesha alikamiselwa. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, wonke umntu unokuthetha ngethiyori ye-silicon-doped iteknoloji ye-lithium-replenishing, kodwa isafuna ukuqinisekiswa kwenkqubo kunye nokuhlolwa kwebhodi ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa kwezorhwebo. "Umjikelo wophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yebhetri yesizukulwana sokuqala uya kuthatha ubuncinci iminyaka emibini," utshilo ongaphakathi kwishishini.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-13-2024