Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweemoto zaseTshayina kuye kwaqhubeka nokubetha phezulu. Ngo-2023, i-China iya kodlula i-Japan kwaye ibe lelona lizwe lithumela iimoto kumazwe angaphandle kunye nomthamo wezithuthi ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezizigidi ezi-4.91. Ukusukela kweyeKhala kulo nyaka, umthamo wezithuthi welizwe lam othe wathunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle ufikelele kwi-3.262 yezigidi zeeyunithi, ukonyuka konyaka ngonyaka ngama-28.8%. Isaqhubeka nokugcina ukukhula kwayo kwaye ikwinqanaba eliqinileyo njengelona lizwe likhulu ehlabathini elithumela impahla ngaphandle.
Iimoto zelizwe lam ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zilawulwa ziimoto zabahambi. Umthamo oye wanda kwiinyanga ezisixhenxe zokuqala ube yi-2.738 yezigidi zeeyunithi, ezibalelwa kuma-84% ewonke, nokugcina ukukhula okuphindwe kabini okungaphezulu kwama-30%.
Ngokumalunga nohlobo lwamandla, izithuthi zamafutha emveli zisengawona mandla aphambili ekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe. Kwezi nyanga zisixhenxe zokuqala, umthamo othe wathunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle ubuzizigidi ezi-2.554 zezithuthi, ukunyuka konyaka-nyaka ngama-34.6%. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kwangelo xesha linye yayiziiyunithi ezingama-708,000, ukonyuka konyaka ngonyaka nge-11.4%. Izinga lokukhula liye lehla kakhulu, kwaye igalelo layo ekuthunyelweni kweemoto zizonke liye lehla.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ngo-2023 nangaphambili, iimoto zamandla amatsha zibe yeyona nto iphambili ekuqhubeni ukuthunyelwa kweemoto zelizwe lam ngaphandle. Ngo-2023, ukuthunyelwa kwemoto yelizwe lam kuya kuba yi-4.91 yezigidi zeeyunithi, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-57.9%, ephezulu kunezinga lokukhula kwezithuthi zamafutha, ngokukodwa ngenxa yokukhula kwe-77.6% unyaka nonyaka kwamandla amatsha. izithuthi. Ukusukela ngo-2020, ukuthunyelwa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kuye kwagcina inqanaba lokukhula elingaphezulu kabini, kunye nomthamo wonyaka wokuthumela ngaphandle utsiba ukusuka ngaphantsi kwe-100,000 yezithuthi ukuya kwiimoto ezingama-680,000 ngo-2022.
Nangona kunjalo, izinga lokukhula kokuthunyelwa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kumazwe angaphandle liye lacotha kulo nyaka, nto leyo ethe yachaphazela ukusebenza kwelizwe lam kukonke ukuthunyelwa kweemoto kumazwe angaphandle. Nangona umthamo wezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle uwonke unyuke phantse ngama-30% unyaka nonyaka, ubonise ukuhla kwenyanga ngenyanga. Idatha kaJulayi ibonisa ukuba ukuthengiswa kweemoto zelizwe lam kunyuke nge-19.6% unyaka nonyaka kwaye kwehle nge-3.2% inyanga nenyanga.
Ngokuthe ngqo kwizithuthi zamandla amatsha, nangona umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle ugcina ukukhula okuphindwe kabini kwe-11% kwiinyanga ezisixhenxe zokuqala zalo nyaka, wehle kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nokunyuka kwe-1.5 ngexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo. Kunyaka nje omnye, isithuthi samandla esitsha selizwe lam sijongene notshintsho olukhulu kangaka. Ngoba?
Ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kuthoba isantya
Ngenyanga yeKhala kulo nyaka, isithuthi esitsha samandla esithunyelwa ngaphandle kwelizwe lam safikelela kwi-103,000 yeeyunithi, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka nge-2.2% kuphela, kwaye izinga lokukhula liye lehla ngakumbi. Xa kuthelekiswa, uninzi lwemithamo yenyanga yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kweyeSilimela lusagcine izinga lokukhula konyaka nonyaka elingaphezulu kwe-10%. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhula okuphindwe kabini kwentengiso yenyanga ebiqhelekile kunyaka ophelileyo ayisaphinda ivele.
Ukuqulunqwa kwesi siganeko kuvela kwizinto ezininzi. Okokuqala, ukwanda okubalulekileyo kwisiseko sokuthumela ngaphandle kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kuchaphazele ukukhula komsebenzi. Ngo-2020, umthamo omtsha wokuthumela isithuthi samandla kwilizwe lam uya kuba malunga neeyunithi ezili-100,000. Isiseko sincinci kwaye izinga lokukhula kulula ukugqamisa. Ngo-2023, umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle uxhumeke ukuya kwi-1.203 yezigidi zezithuthi. Ukwandiswa kwesiseko kwenza kube nzima ukugcina izinga eliphezulu lokukhula, kwaye ukucotha kwezinga lokukhula kukwanengqiqo.
Okwesibini, utshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo yamazwe aphambili athumela imveliso kumazwe angaphandle luchaphazele ukuthunyelwa kwenqwelo yamandla entsha yelizwe lam.
Ngokutsho kwedatha evela kwi-General Administration of Customs, iBrazil, iBelgium, kunye ne-United Kingdom yaba ngabathathu abahamba phambili abathumela ngaphandle kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kwilizwe lam kwisiqingatha sokuqala salo nyaka. Ukongeza, amazwe aseYurophu anjengeSpain kunye neJamani nawo aziimarike ezibalulekileyo zokuthunyelwa kwamandla amatsha kwilizwe lam. Kunyaka ophelileyo, ukuthengiswa kwelizwe lam kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha ezithunyelwe eYurophu zithathe malunga ne-40% yetotali. Nangona kunjalo, kulo nyaka, ukuthengiswa kumazwe angamalungu e-EU ngokuqhelekileyo kubonise ukuhla, ukuwa malunga ne-30%.
Umba ophambili obangela le meko luphando oluphikisayo lwe-EU kwizithuthi zombane zelizwe lam. Ukususela ngomhla wesi-5 kuJulayi, i-EU iya kumisela imirhumo yethutyana ye-17.4% ukuya kwi-37.6% kwizithuthi zombane ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle ezisuka e-China ngokwesiseko somrhumo osemgangathweni we-10%, kunye nexesha elimiselweyo leenyanga ezi-4. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo ukhokelele ngokuthe ngqo ekwehleni okumandla kwintengiso yezithuthi zombane zaseTshayina ezithunyelwa eYurophu, nto leyo ethe yachaphazela ukusebenza kwayo yonke into yokuthumela ngaphandle.
Iplagi-in hybrid kwi-injini entsha yokukhula
Nangona izithuthi zombane ezicocekileyo zelizwe lam ziye zazuza ukukhula okuphindwe kabini e-Asia, eMzantsi Melika naseMntla Melika, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwezithuthi zombane ezihlambulukileyo kubonise ukuhla okuhla ngenxa yokwehla okubukhali kweentengiso kwiimarike zaseYurophu nase-Oceanian.
Idatha ibonisa ukuba kwisiqingatha sokuqala se-2024, ukuthunyelwa kwelizwe lam kwizithuthi zombane ezihlambulukileyo ukuya eYurophu kwakukho iiyunithi ze-303,000, ukwehla konyaka-ngonyaka we-16%; ukuthunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle kwi-Oceania bekungama-43,000 eeyunithi, ukwehla konyaka-ngonyaka nge-19%. Indlela yokuhla kwezi marike zimbini zinkulu iyaqhubeka nokukhula. Ndichatshazelwa koku, ukuthunyelwa kwezithuthi zombane zelizwe lam kwehle kangangeenyanga ezine ezilandelelanayo ukusukela ngoMatshi, ukwehla kunyuka ukusuka kwi-2.4% ukuya kwi-16.7%.
Ukuthunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kwiinyanga ezisixhenxe zokuqala kusagcinwe ukukhula okuphindwe kabini, ikakhulu ngenxa yokusebenza ngamandla kweemodeli zeplug-in hybrid (plug-in hybrid). NgoJulayi, umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-plug-in hybrids ufikelele kwizithuthi ze-27,000, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwamaxesha e-1.9; Umthamo othe wathunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle kwiinyanga ezisixhenxe zokuqala yayiyi-154,000 yezithuthi, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwamaxesha e-1.8.
Umlinganiselo we-plug-in hybrids kuthunyelo lwangaphandle lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha uxhume ukusuka kwi-8% kulo nyaka uphelileyo ukuya kwi-22%, ngokuthe ngcembe ithatha indawo yezithuthi zombane ezisulungekileyo njengoyena mqhubi wokukhula kokuthunyelwa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kumazwe angaphandle.
Iimodeli ze-plug-in hybrid zibonisa ukukhula okukhawulezayo kwimimandla emininzi. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-Asia kwakuyizithuthi ze-36,000, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwamaxesha angama-2.9; ukuya eMzantsi Merika kwakukho iinqwelo-mafutha ezingama-69 000, ulwando oluphindwe ka-3,2; ukuya kuMntla Merika yayiziimoto ezingama-21 000, ulwando lonyaka nonyaka izihlandlo ezili-11,6. Ukukhula olomeleleyo kule mimandla kuphelisa ngempumelelo impembelelo yokuhla kweYurophu ne-Oceania.
Ukukhula kwentengiso yeemveliso ezixutyiweyo zaseTshayina kwiimarike ezininzi kwihlabathi liphela zisondelelene nokusebenza kwazo okugqwesileyo kunye nokusebenza kwazo. Xa kuthelekiswa neemodeli ezicocekileyo zombane, iimodeli ze-plug-in hybrid zineendleko eziphantsi zokwenziwa kwemoto, kwaye iingenelo zokukwazi ukusebenzisa zombini i-oyile kunye nombane zibenza bakwazi ukugubungela iimeko ezininzi zokusetyenziswa kwezithuthi.
Ishishini ngokubanzi likholelwa ukuba itekhnoloji ye-hybrid inamathemba abanzi kwimakethi yamandla amatsha yehlabathi kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ihambisane nezithuthi zombane ezisulungekileyo kwaye zibe ngumqolo wokuthumela ngaphandle kwesithuthi samandla esitsha saseTshayina.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-13-2024