Izithuthi zamandla amatsha: inguqu eluhlaza ekubhekiselele kwixesha elizayo

 1.Imarike yezithuthi zombane yehlabathi iyanda ngokukhawuleza

Njengoko ingqwalasela yehlabathi kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo luqhubeka nokujula, iisithuthi samandla esitsha (NEV)imakethi ifumana ukukhawuleza okungazange kubonwe ngaphambili

ukukhula. Ngokutsho kwengxelo yakutshanje evela kwi-International Energy Agency (IEA), ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi zombane kwihlabathi jikelele kulindeleke ukuba kudlule i-10 yezigidi kwi-2023, ukwanda malunga ne-35% ukusuka kwi-2022. Oku kukhula kubangelwa ngokukodwa ukuxhaswa komgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente wezithuthi zombane, ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kweziseko ezingundoqo zokutshaja, kunye nokunyuka kolwazi lwabathengi malunga nokukhuselwa kwendalo.

E-China, ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha (NEVs) zifikelele kwirekhodi eliphezulu. Ngokutsho kwe-China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, ukuthengiswa kwe-NEV e-China kwafikelela kwi-4 yezigidi kwisiqingatha sokuqala se-202.5, ulwando lwama-50% unyaka nonyaka. Lo mkhwa awubonisi nje ukwamkelwa kwabathengi bezithuthi zombane kodwa ubonisa ubunkokeli baseTshayina kwimarike ye-NEV yehlabathi. Ngaphaya koko, ukusungula izinto ezintsha okuqhubekayo kunye nokuphumelela kwetekhnoloji evela kwiinkampani ezinjengeTesla kunye ne-BYD zifaka amandla amatsha kwintengiso.

2. Utshintsho lwetekhnoloji lukhokelela kwinguqu yoshishino

Phakathi kophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha, ukusungulwa kwetekhnoloji ngokungathandabuzekiyo kungumqhubi ophambili wokutshintsha kweshishini. Kutshanje, iFord, i-automaker eyaziwayo kwihlabathi jikelele, ibhengeze ukuba iza kutyala imali engaphaya kwe-50 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwisithuthi sombane kunye nophando lobuchwepheshe bebhetri kunye nophuhliso ngo-2025. Eli nyathelo alibonisi nje ukuzibophelela kweFord kwimarike yezithuthi zombane kodwa ikwamisela umzekelo kwabanye abenzi beemoto zemveli.

Kwangaxeshanye, inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yebhetri ikwaqhuba ukuthandwa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha. Abavelisi bebhetri, abanje ngeCATL, basandul' ukuphehlelela isizukulwana esitsha seebhetri eziqinileyo, ziqhayisa ngoxinzelelo lwamandla aphezulu kunye nezantya zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Ukufika kolu hlobo olutsha lwebhetri luya kuphucula kakhulu uluhlu kunye nokhuseleko lwezithuthi zombane, ngakumbi ukunciphisa inkxalabo yabathengi malunga nezithuthi zombane.

Ngaphaya koko, ukukhula okuqhubekayo kobuchwephesha bokuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo kuzise namathuba amatsha ophuhliso lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha. Utyalo-mali oluqhubekayo lweenkampani ezifana neTesla kunye ne-Waymo kwintsimi yokuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo yenza izithuthi zombane zexesha elizayo kungekhona nje indlela yokuthutha, kodwa kunye nesisombululo sokuhamba kakuhle.

3. Inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nethemba lemarike

Inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente wezithuthi zamandla amatsha ibe yeyona nto iphambili ekuqhubeni uphuhliso lwemarike. IKhomishini yaseYurophu isandul 'ukucebisa isicwangciso sokuvala ngokupheleleyo ukuthengiswa kweenqwelo ze-fuel-powered nge-2035, umgaqo-nkqubo oya kukhawulezisa ukwamkelwa kwezithuthi zombane. Ngaxeshanye, amazwe amaninzi aphuhlisa iziseko ezingundoqo zokutshaja ukuhlangabezana nemfuno ekhulayo yezithuthi zombane.

E-China, urhulumente uyakwandisa inkxaso yakhe kwiimoto zamandla amatsha. Kwi-2023, iKomishoni yoPhuhliso kunye noHlaziyo lweSizwe kunye noMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi ngokudibeneyo bakhuphe "iSicwangciso soPhuhliso lweZithuthi zaMandla eNtsha (2021-2035)," ebiza ngokucacileyo ukuba izithuthi zamandla amatsha ziphendule kwi-50% yokuthengisa imoto entsha ngo-2035.

Ukujonga phambili, imarike yemoto yamandla entsha ibambe ikamva eliqaqambileyo. Ngokuqhubekayo ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kunye nenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo, izithuthi zombane ziza kuba yindlela eqhelekileyo yokuthutha. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngo-2030, isabelo semarike yezithuthi zombane zehlabathi siya kudlula i-30%. Ukuguqulwa kohlaza kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kuya kuba nefuthe elibi kuthutho lwehlabathi.

Ngamafutshane, ukuphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha akukona nje ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, kodwa kunye nokubonakaliswa kweenjongo zophuhliso oluzinzileyo lwehlabathi. Ngokwanda okuqhubekayo kweemarike kunye nokwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, izithuthi zamandla amatsha ziya kusikhokelela kwikamva eliluhlaza nelikrelekrele.

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