Intshayelelo: Iziko loVavanyo lweMozulu ebandayo
Ukusuka eHarbin, elona komkhulu lingasentla laseTshayina, ukuya kutsho eHeihe, kwiphondo laseHeilongjiang, ngaphesheya komlambo osuka eRashiya, amaqondo obushushu asebusika adla ngokuhla aye kutsho kuma-30°C. Nangona imozulu embi ngolo hlobo, kuye kwavela into emangalisayo: inani elikhuluizithuthi zamandla amatsha, kubandakanywa iimodeli zamva nje zokusebenza okuphezulu, zitsalwa kulo mhlaba mkhulu wekhephu ukulungiselela uvavanyo olungqongqo lokuqhuba. Lo mkhwa ubalaselisa ukubaluleka kovavanyo lwengingqi ebandayo, elinqanaba elibalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na imoto entsha ngaphambi kokuba iye emarikeni.
Ukongeza kuvavanyo lokhuseleko kwimozulu enenkungu kunye nekhephu, izithuthi zamandla amatsha kufuneka kwakhona zenze uhlolo olubanzi lobomi bebhetri, amandla okutshaja, kunye nokusebenza kwesimo somoya.
Ushishino lokuqhuba uvavanyo lwe-Heihe luphuhliswe ngemfuno ekhulayo yezithuthi zamandla amatsha, ukuguqula ngokufanelekileyo "izixhobo ezibanda kakhulu" zommandla "kwishishini lokuqhuba uvavanyo". Iingxelo zasekuhlaleni zibonisa ukuba inani lezithuthi zamandla amatsha kunye nezithuthi zemveli ezithatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lokuvavanya kulo nyaka ziphantse zifane, zibonisa indlela yonke yemarike yemoto yabahambi. Kulindeleke ukuba ukuthengiswa kweemoto zabahambi basekhaya kuya kufikelela kwi-22.6 yezigidi kwi-2024, apho izithuthi zemveli zamafutha ziya kubalelwa kwi-11.55 yezigidi, kwaye izithuthi zamandla amatsha ziya kunyuka kakhulu kwi-11.05 yezigidi.
Ukuveliswa kweteknoloji ekusebenzeni kwebhetri
Umngeni ophambili ojongene neenqwelo zombane kwiindawo ezibandayo zihlala zisebenza ibhetri. Iibhetri ze-lithium zemveli zihlala zifumana ukuhla okubonakalayo ekusebenzeni kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, okukhokelela kwiinkxalabo malunga noluhlu. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubela phambili yamva nje kwitekhnoloji yebhetri ilungisa le miba ngokuthe ngqo. Iqela lophando e-Shenzhen kutshanje liye lavavanya ibhetri yabo esandul 'ukuphuhliswa e-Heihe, iphumelele uluhlu olumangalisayo olungaphezulu kwe-70% kwi -25 °C. Ezi mpu melelo zetekhnoloji aziphuculi nje ukusebenza kwesithuthi kwindawo enomkhenkce, kodwa zikwaqhuba uphuhliso lweshishini lezithuthi zombane.
IHarbin Institute of Technology's New Energy Materials and Devices Laboratory iphambili kolu tshintsho. Abaphandi baphuhlisa iibhetri eziphuculweyo ze-cathode kunye nezixhobo ze-anode kunye ne-electrolyte yeqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kakhulu, elibenza bakwazi ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwiindawo eziphantsi -40 ° C. Ezi bhetri zifakwe kuphando lwezenzululwazi lwe-Antarctic iinyanga ezintandathu, zibonisa ukuthembeka kwazo kwiimeko ezinzima. Ukongezelela, i-laboratory iphumelele isiganeko esibalulekileyo, kunye nebhetri esanda kuphuhliswa kabini ekwazi ukusebenza kwi -60 ° C, kunye nomthamo obalaseleyo wokujikeleza wamaxesha angama-20,000 ngelixa igcina i-86.7% yomthamo wayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba iibhetri zeselfowuni ezenziwe ngobu buchwepheshe zinokugcina ngaphezulu kwe-80% yomthamo wazo nokuba zisetyenziswa yonke imihla kwimozulu ebanda kakhulu iminyaka engama-50.
Izinto eziluncedo kwiibhetri zemoto zamandla amatsha
Inkqubela phambili kwitekhnoloji yebhetri ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi ezenza izithuthi zamandla amatsha zibe yindlela ezinzileyo kwizithuthi zamafutha esintu. Okokuqala, iibhetri zezithuthi zamandla amatsha, ngakumbi iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, zinamandla amakhulu, okwenza ukuba zigcine amandla amaninzi kwifom edibeneyo. Olu phawu aluphuculi kuphela uluhlu lwezithuthi zombane, kodwa luhlangabezana ngokufanelekileyo neemfuno zokuhamba kwansuku zonke zabasebenzisi.
Ukongeza, itekhnoloji yebhetri yanamhlanje ixhasa ukutshaja okukhawulezileyo, ukuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bahlawule izithuthi zabo ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo, ngaloo ndlela behlisa ixesha lokuphumla. Ubomi benkonzo ende kunye neemfuno zokugcinwa okuphantsi kweebhetri zezithuthi zamandla amatsha zinyusa ngakumbi isibheno sabo, njengoko zikwazi ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle nangemva kweentlawulo ezininzi kunye nokukhupha imijikelezo. Ukongezelela, izithuthi zombane zineenkqubo zamandla ezilula kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokugcinwa, okwenza kube yinto ekhethiweyo yoqoqosho kubathengi.
Izinto ezisingqongileyo zikwangumba ophambili kwiinzuzo zezithuthi zamandla amatsha. Ngokungafaniyo neenqwelo zemveli, iibhetri zezithuthi zamandla amatsha azivelisi ukukhutshwa okuyingozi ngexesha lokusebenza. Ngokuqhubela phambili kobuchwepheshe bokurisayikilisha ibhetri, ukurisayikilishwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kweebhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo kunokunciphisa kakhulu inkunkuma yezixhobo kunye nokunciphisa umthwalo wokusingqongileyo. Ukongeza, iibhetri zanamhlanje zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zolawulo ezikrelekrele ezinokubeka iliso kwimeko yebhetri ngexesha lokwenyani, ukwandisa inkqubo yokutshaja kunye nokukhupha, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Biza intsebenziswano yehlabathi ukukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo
Njengoko ihlabathi lizamana nemingeni ecinezelayo efana nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokuthotywa kwemekobume, ukuqhubela phambili kobuchwepheshe bezithuthi zamandla amatsha kunika ithuba elihle lokuba amazwe asebenzisane ukwakha uluntu oluzinzileyo. Indibaniselwano eyimpumelelo yemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo efana namandla elanga kunye namandla omoya aneebhetri zezithuthi zamandla amatsha inokukhuthaza ngakumbi izisombululo zokutshaja eziluhlaza, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili, nokudala ikamva elicocekileyo nelizinzileyo.
Ngamafutshane, ukusebenza okugqwesileyo kweenqwelo zamandla amatsha kwimozulu ebanda kakhulu, kudityaniswa nenkqubela phambili yeteknoloji yebhetri, iqaqambisa amandla ezithuthi zombane ukuguqula ishishini leemoto. Njengoko amazwe ehlabathini lonke ezama ukuphumeza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo, ukubizelwa kwisenzo kucacile: ukwamkela ukutsha, ukutyala imali kuphando, kunye nokusebenzisana ukudala ihlabathi eliluhlaza, elizinzileyo kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-13-2025