Njengoko "intliziyo" yezithuthi zamandla amatsha, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe, uhlaza kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo lweebhetri zamandla emva kokuthatha umhlalaphantsi ziye zatsala ingqalelo enkulu ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweshishini. Ukusukela ngo-2016, ilizwe lam liphumeze umgangatho wewaranti yeminyaka eyi-8 okanye iikhilomitha ezingama-120,000 zeebhetri zamandla emoto yabahambi, nto leyo eyi-8 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Oku kukwathetha ukuba ukuqala kulo nyaka, inani elithile lewaranti yebhetri yamandla iya kuphelelwa minyaka le.
Ngokutsho kweGasgoo's "Power Battery Ladder Utilization and Recycling Industry Report (2024 Edition)" (emva koku ebizwa ngokuba yi "Report"), ngo-2023, iitoni ezingama-623,000 zeebhetri zamandla esele zidla umhlala-phantsi ziya kuphinda zisetyenziswe ekhaya, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba zifike kwi-1.2 yesigidi sezigidi. iitoni ngo-2025, kwaye iya kuphinda isetyenziswe ngo-2030. Ifikelele kwi-6 yezigidi zeetoni.
Namhlanje, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi imise ukwamkelwa koluhlu olumhlophe lweenkampani zokuphinda zisetyenziswe ibhetri, kwaye ixabiso lebhetri-grade lithium carbonate liye lehla ukuya kwi-80,000 yuan / ton. Izinga lokurisayikilishwa kwe-nickel, i-cobalt kunye nemathiriyeli ye-manganese kushishino idlula i-99%. Ngenkxaso yezinto ezininzi ezifana nokubonelela, ixabiso, umgaqo-nkqubo, kunye neteknoloji, imboni yokubuyisela ibhetri yamandla, ephantsi kwexesha lokuhlengahlengiswa, inokusondela kwindawo yokuguquguquka.
Liyasondela iliza lokuphelisa ugunyaziso, kwaye ishishini lisafuna ukubekwa emgangathweni
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha luye lwazisa ukwanda okuqhubekayo komthamo ofakelweyo weebhetri zamandla, ukubonelela ngenkxaso eqinile kwindawo yokukhula yebhetri yamandla okuphinda kusetyenziswe ibhetri, ishishini elitsha eliqhelekileyo lasemva komjikelo.
Ngokwezibalo ezivela kwiSebe lezoKhuseleko loLuntu, ukususela ekupheleni kukaJuni, inani lezithuthi zamandla amatsha kwilizwe lonke lifikelele kwi-24.72 yezigidi, ezibalelwa kwi-7.18% yenani elipheleleyo leemoto. Kukho i-18.134 yezigidi zeemoto zombane ezicocekileyo, ezibalelwa kwi-73.35% yenani elipheleleyo lezithuthi zamandla amatsha. Ngokutsho kwedatha ekhutshwe yi-China Automotive Power Battery Industry Innovation Alliance, kwisiqingatha sokuqala salo nyaka kuphela, umthamo ofakelweyo weebhetri zamandla kwilizwe lam yi-203.3GWh.
"Ingxelo" ibonise ukuba ukususela ngo-2015, ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi zamandla elizwe lam kubonise ukukhula okuqhumayo, kwaye umthamo ofakwe kwiibhetri zamandla unyuke ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokomndilili wobomi bebhetri beminyaka emi-5 ukuya kwesi-8, iibhetri zamandla sele ziza kungenisa iliza lomhlalaphantsi omkhulu.
Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba iibhetri zamandla ezisetyenzisiweyo ziyingozi kakhulu kwindalo kunye nomzimba womntu. Izinto zenxalenye nganye yebhetri yamandla zinokusabela ngokwekhemikhali ngezinto ezithile ezingqongileyo ukuvelisa izinto ezingcolisa umoya. Nje ukuba zingene emhlabeni, emanzini nakwiatmosfera, ziya kubangela ungcoliseko olukhulu. Izinyithi ezifana nelothe, i-mercury, i-cobalt, i-nickel, i-copper, kunye ne-manganese nazo zinefuthe lokutyebisa kwaye ziyakwazi ukuqokelela emzimbeni womntu ngokusebenzisa ikhonkco lokutya, ukulimaza impilo yabantu.
Unyango oluphakathi olungenabungozi kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto zetsimbi ziyimilinganiselo ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa impilo yabantu kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo lokusingqongileyo. Ke ngoko, xa kujongwe umhlala-phantsi omkhulu ozayo weebhetri zamandla, kubaluleke kakhulu kwaye kungxamisekile ukuphatha ngokufanelekileyo iibhetri zamandla ezisetyenzisiweyo.
Ukuze kukhuthazwe uphuhliso olusemgangathweni lweshishini lokurisayikilisha iibhetri, iSebe loShishino kunye nobuChwepheshe boLwazi lixhase iqela leenkampani ezithobelayo zokurisayikilisha iibhetri. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ikhuphe uluhlu olumhlophe lweenkampani ezili-156 zokurisayikilisha iibhetri zamandla kwiibhetshi ezi-5, kubandakanywa iinkampani ezingama-93 ezineziqinisekiso zokusetyenziswa okunemigangatho, iinkampani ezidilizayo, Kukho iinkampani ezingama-51 ezineziqinisekiso zokuhlaziya iinkampani ezili-12 ezineziqinisekiso zombini.
Ukongeza kule "imikhosi eqhelekileyo" ikhankanywe ngasentla, imarike yokubuyisela ibhetri yamandla kunye namandla amakhulu emarike iye yatsala ukuthontelana kweenkampani ezininzi, kwaye ukhuphiswano kuyo yonke imboni yebhethri ye-lithium ibonise imeko encinci kwaye ihlakazekile.
Le "Ngxelo" ibonise ukuba ukususela nge-25 kaJuni kulo nyaka, bekukho iinkampani ze-180,878 ezinxulumene nebhetri yasekhaya enxulumene nokuhlaziywa kwebhetri, apho i-49,766 iya kubhaliswa ngo-2023, ibalwa kwi-27.5% yobukho bonke. Phakathi kwezi nkampani zili-180,000, i-65% ibhalise inkunzi engaphantsi kwe-5 yezigidi, kwaye "ziinkampani ezincinci ze-workshop-style" amandla azo obugcisa, inkqubo yokuhlaziya, kunye nemodeli yoshishino kufuneka iphuculwe ngakumbi kwaye iphuhliswe.
Abanye abangaphakathi kwishishini bayenze yacaca into yokuba ukusetyenziswa kwebhetri yelizwe lam kunye nokurisayikilisha kunesiseko esilungileyo sophuhliso, kodwa imakethi yokuphinda isetyenziswe kwibhetri ikwisiphithiphithi, amandla okusebenzisa abanzi kufuneka aphuculwe, kwaye nenkqubo esemgangathweni yokurisayikilisha kufuneka iphuculwe. iphuculwe.
Ngezinto ezininzi ezibekwe phezulu, ishishini linokufikelela kwinqanaba lokunyuka
"Iphepha leNgcaciso yoPhuhliso lwe-Lithium-ion ye-Battery ye-Lithium-ion Recycling yase-China, ukuchithwa kunye ne-Echelon Utilization Industry (2024)" ekhutshwe yi-China Battery Industry Research Institute kunye namanye amaziko abonisa ukuba ngo-2023, iitoni ezingama-623,000 zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion zahlaziywa. kwilizwe lonke, kodwa kuphela iinkampani ezili-156 ezibhengezwe nguMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTeknoloji yoLwazi Umthamo wemveliso oqhelekileyo wamashishini ahlangabezana nokusetyenziswa okubanzi kweebhetri zamandla alahlwayo afikelela kwi-3.793 yezigidi zeetoni / ngonyaka, kwaye izinga lokusebenzisa umthamo oqhelekileyo kulo lonke ishishini. kuphela 16.4%.
I-Gasgoo iyaqonda ukuba ngenxa yezinto ezifana nefuthe lexabiso lezinto zebhetri zamandla, imboni ngoku ingene kwinqanaba lokuhlaziya. Ezinye iinkampani zinike idatha kwireyithi yokurisayikilishwa kweshishini lonke njengengekho ngaphezulu kwe-25%.
Njengoko ilizwe lam ishishini lezithuthi zamandla amatsha lisuka kuphuhliso olukwisantya esiphezulu ukuya kuphuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu, ukongamela ishishini lokuphinda kusetyenziswe iibhetri zamandla nalo liya lisiba ngqongqo ngakumbi, kwaye ubume boshishino kulindeleke ukuba buphuculwe.
NgoMatshi kulo nyaka, xa uMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi ekhupha "iSaziso sokuLungiselela iSicelo samaShishini aneMiqathango eMiselweyo yoSetyenziso oluBanzi lweziBonelelo eziHlaziywayo kunye nokuVeliswa ngokutsha kweeMveliso zooMatshini kunye nezoMbane ngo-2024" kwishishini lendawo kunye nabasemagunyeni bolwazi. , ikhankanye ukuba "ukunqunyanyiswa kokwamkelwa kwebhetri yemoto yamandla entsha usetyenziso olubanzi" Sebenzisa iimeko ezisemgangathweni zokubhengezwa kweshishini. Kuxelwe ukuba injongo yoku kunqunyanyiswa kukuvavanya kwakhona iinkampani ezisele zifakwe kuluhlu lwabamhlophe, kunye nokuphakamisa iimfuneko zokulungisa iinkampani ezikhoyo nezingenaziqinisekiso, okanye nokurhoxisa iziqinisekiso zoluhlu lwabamhlophe.
Ukunqunyanyiswa kwezicelo zokufaneleka kukhwankqise iinkampani ezininzi ebezilungiselela ukujoyina "umkhosi oqhelekileyo" woluhlu olumhlophe lokuhlaziya ibhetri yamandla. Okwangoku, ekuthengeni iiprojekthi ezinkulu kunye nobukhulu obuphakathi be-lithium yebhetri yokurisayikilisha, kuye kwafuneka ngokucacileyo ukuba iinkampani kufuneka zifakwe kuluhlu olumhlophe. Eli nyathelo lithumele umqondiso wokupholisa kwi-lithium ibhetri ye-recycling kushishino lokutyalwa kwemveliso kunye nokwakhiwa. Kwangaxeshanye, oku kwandisa isiqulatho sesiqinisekiso seenkampani esele zilufumene uluhlu lwabamhlophe.
Ukongeza, "iSicwangciso sokuSebenza sokuKhuthaza uHlaziyo lwesiXhobo esiKhulu kunye noRhwebo lweMpahla yoMthengi" lucebisa ukuba kuphuculwe ngokukhawuleza imigangatho yokungenisa kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yeebhetri zombane eziyekiweyo, izinto eziphinda zisetyenziswe, njl. njl. zayekiswa ukuba zingangeniswa elizweni lam. Ngoku ukuthengwa kweebhetri zamandla ezidla umhlala-phantsi kukwi-ajenda, ekwakhupha nophawu lomgaqo-nkqubo omtsha kulawulo lokurisayikilisha kweebhetri zamandla elizwe lam.
Ngo-Agasti, ixabiso lebhetri ye-lithium carbonate ligqithise i-80,000 yuan / ton, libeka isithunzi phezu kweshishini lokuphinda lisetyenziswe ibhetri. Ngokutsho kwedatha ekhutshwe yi-Shanghai Steel Federation ngo-Agasti 9, ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lebhetri-grade lithium carbonate libikwe kwi-79,500 yuan / ton. Ixabiso elikhulayo le-battery-grade lithium carbonate liye lanyusa ixabiso le-lithium yokuphinda isetyenziswe ibhetri, ukutsala iinkampani ezivela kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi ukuba zikhawuleze ukuya kwi-recycling track. Namhlanje, ixabiso le-lithium carbonate liyaqhubeka nokuwa, eliye lachaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuphuhliswa kweshishini, kunye neenkampani ezihlaziyiweyo ezithwala impembelelo.
Imodeli nganye kwezi zintathu ineengenelo zayo kunye nokungalungi kwayo, kwaye intsebenziswano kulindeleke ukuba ibe yinto eqhelekileyo.
Emva kokuba iibhetri zombane ziphelisiwe, ukusetyenziswa okwesibini kunye nokuqhawulwa kunye nokuhlaziywa kwakhona zezona ndlela zimbini zokulahla. Okwangoku, inkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwe-echelon inzima kakhulu, kwaye uqoqosho lufuna ngokukhawuleza inkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe kunye nokuphuhliswa kweemeko ezintsha. Undoqo wokudilizwa kunye nokuphinda usetyenziswe kukufumana inzuzo yokusetyenzwa, kwaye itekhnoloji kunye nemijelo zizinto eziphambili ezinempembelelo.
"Ingxelo" ibonisa ukuba ngokwamacandelo ahlukeneyo okurisayikilisha, okwangoku kukho iimodeli ezintathu zokurisayikilisha kwishishini: abavelisi bebhetri bamandla njengowona mzimba uphambili, iinkampani zezithuthi njengowona mzimba uphambili, kunye neenkampani zeqela lesithathu njengowona mzimba uphambili.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kumxholo wokwehla kwengeniso kunye nemingeni enzima kwishishini lokuhlaziya ibhetri yamandla, iinkampani ezimele ezi modeli zintathu zokuhlaziya zonke zifezekisa inzuzo ngokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, utshintsho lwemodeli yeshishini, njl.
Kuxelwa ukuba ukuze kuncitshiswe ngakumbi iindleko zokuvelisa, ukufezekisa ukubuyiswa kwakhona kwemveliso kunye nokuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, iinkampani zebhetri zamandla ezifana ne-CATL, i-Guoxuan High-Tech, kunye ne-Yiwei Lithium Energy ziye zasebenzisa i-lithium ye-recycling kunye namashishini okuhlaziya.
I-Pan Xuexing, umlawuli wophuhliso oluzinzileyo lweCATL, wakha wathi iCATL inesisombululo sayo sokuphinda sisetyenziswe ibhetri, esinokuthi sifezekise ngokunyanisekileyo ukuphinda kusetyenziswe i-loop evaliweyo yeebhetri. Iibhetri zenkunkuma zijikwa ngokuthe ngqo zibe yimathiriyeli ekrwada yebhetri ngenkqubo yokuphinda isetyenziswe, enokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwiibhetri kwinyathelo elilandelayo. Ngokweengxelo zoluntu, iteknoloji ye-CATL yokubuyisela kwakhona i-CATL inokufezekisa izinga lokubuyisela i-99.6% ye-nickel, i-cobalt kunye ne-manganese, kunye nezinga lokubuyisela i-lithium ye-91%. Ngo-2023, i-CATL yavelisa malunga neetoni ezili-13,000 ze-lithium carbonate kwaye yaphinda yasebenzisa iitoni ezimalunga ne-100,000 zeebhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo.
Ekupheleni konyaka ophelileyo, "Imilinganiselo yoLawulo lokuSetyenziswa ngokuBanzi kweeBatri zaMandla kwiZithuthi zaMandla amatsha (uYilo lwamagqabantshintshi)" yakhutshwa, icacisa uxanduva ekufuneka amaqumrhu oshishino ahlukeneyo aluthwale kusetyenziso olubanzi lweebhetri zombane. Ngokomgaqo, abavelisi beemoto kufuneka bathwale uxanduva lweebhetri zamandla ezifakiweyo. Ukurisayikilisha isifundo soxanduva.
Okwangoku, ii-OEMs zenze iimpumelelo ezinkulu ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona kwebhetri. I-Geely Automobile ibhengeze nge-24 kaJulayi ukuba iyakhawulezisa ukuphuculwa kwezakhono zokurisayikilishwa kunye nokuveliswa kwakhona kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kwaye izuze izinga lokubuyisela ngaphezulu kwe-99% ye-nickel, i-cobalt kunye nemathiriyeli ye-manganese kwiibhetri zombane.
Ukuya ekupheleni kuka-2023, i-Evergreen New Energy ye-Geely icubungule i-9,026.98 yeetoni zeebhetri zamandla ezisetyenzisiweyo kwaye yangena kuzo kwinkqubo yokulandela umkhondo, ivelisa malunga ne-4,923 yeetoni ze-nickel sulfate, iitoni ezingama-2,210 ze-cobalt sulfate, 1,74 ye-manganese ye-manganese kunye ne-1,681 yeetoni ze-lithium carbonate. Iimveliso ezisetyenzisiweyo zisetyenziselwa uLungiselelo lwemveliso ye-ternary yenkampani yethu. Ukongeza, ngovavanyo olukhethekileyo lweebhetri ezindala ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kwizicelo ze-echelon, zifakwe kwi-forklift ye-Geely kwi-site logistics. Iprojekthi yokulinga yangoku yokusetyenziswa kwe-echelon yeeforklift iye yasungulwa. Emva kokuba umqhubi wenqwelomoya egqityiwe, unokunyuselwa kwiqela lonke. Ngelo xesha, inokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingaphezu kwe-2,000 yezithuthi zombane kwiqela. Iimfuno zokusebenza zemihla ngemihla zeforklift.
Njengenkampani yeqela lesithathu, iGEM ikwakhankanye kwisibhengezo sayo sangaphambili ukuba ihlaziywe kwaye yachitha iitoni ezingama-7,900 zeebhetri zamandla (0.88GWh) kwikota yokuqala yalo nyaka, ukonyuka konyaka-ngonyaka nge-27.47%, kwaye iceba ukuba ukubuyisela kwakhona kunye nokuqhaqha iitoni ezingama-45,000 zeebhetri zamandla unyaka wonke. Ngo-2023, i-GEM yahlaziywa kwaye yachitha iitoni ezingama-27,454 zeebhetri zamandla (3.05GWh), ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-57.49%. Ishishini lokusebenzisa ibhetri yamandla lizuze ingeniso yokusebenza ye-1.131 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka ngama-81.98%. Ukongeza, i-GEM okwangoku ineebhetri ezi-5 zokuchitha amandla ebhetri ebanzi yokusetyenziswa kwemigangatho yeenkampani, uninzi eTshayina, kwaye yenze imodeli yentsebenziswano yokuphinda isetyenziswe kunye ne-BYD, iMercedes-Benz China, iGuangzhou Automobile Group, iDongfeng Passenger Cars, Chery Automobile, njl.
Imodeli nganye emithathu ineenzuzo zayo kunye nokungalunganga. Ukurisayikilishwa kwakhona ngabavelisi beebhetri njengowona mzimba uphambili kunceda ekuqondeni indlela yokurisayikilishwa kweebhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ii-OEMs zinokuzuza kuncedo olucacileyo lwetshaneli ukwenza ixabiso elipheleleyo lokurisayikilishwa lisezantsi, ngelixa iinkampani zangaphandle zinokuncedisa iibhetri. Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwezibonelelo.
Kwixesha elizayo, indlela yokwaphula imiqobo kwishishini lokurisayikilisha ibhetri?
"Ingxelo" igxininisa ukuba intsebenziswano yezoshishino kunye nentsebenziswano enzulu phakathi kokunyuka kunye nezantsi kwekhonkco lezoshishino kuya kunceda ukudala ibhetri evaliweyo yokuphinda isetyenziswe kwaye iphinde isebenzise ikhonkco loshishino kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Umanyano lwamatsheyini oshishino kunye nentsebenziswano yamaqela amaninzi kulindeleke ukuba ibe yeyona modeli iphambili yokurisayikilishwa kwebhetri.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-14-2024