Ngomhla we-19 kaNovemba ka-2023, umzila kaloliwe welizwe uqalise ukusebenza kovavanyo lweebhetri ze-lithium-ion zamandla emoto "kumaphondo amabini kunye nesixeko esinye" saseSichuan, eGuizhou naseChongqing, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwintsimi yezothutho yelizwe lam. Eli nyathelo lobuvulindlela, elithathe inxaxheba kwiinkampani eziphambili ezifana neCATL kunye neBYD Fudi Battery, liphawula ixesha elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwezothutho zikaloliwe zelizwe lam. Ngaphambili, uthutho lukaloliwe lwamandla e-lithium-ion iibhetri zazingekakhiwa. Lo msebenzi wolingo "yi-zero breakthrough" kwaye ivula ngokusesikweni imodeli entsha yothutho lukaloliwe.
Ukuqaliswa kothutho lukaloliwe lweebhetri ze-lithium-ion ze-automotive akukona nje ukuqhubela phambili kwenkqubo, kodwa kunye nokuhamba kweqhinga lokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuphumelela kweendleko zokuthuthwa kwebhetri. Kwimeko yokhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe, ukukwazi ukuthutha ezi bhetri ngololiwe kubalulekile njengoko kuhambelana neendlela ezikhoyo zothutho ezifana nomzila kaloliwe kunye nomzila kaloliwe. Le ndlela yothutho ye-multimodal kulindeleke ukuba ikhulise kakhulu ukhuphiswano lokuthumela ngaphandle kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion, eziye zabonwa njengelitye lembombo "ezintathu ezitsha" - izithuthi zombane, ukugcinwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kunye nobuchwepheshe bebhetri obuphambili.
Iibhetri ze-lithium zisebenzisa isinyithi se-lithium okanye i-lithium alloys njengezinto ze-electrode kunye ne-non-aqueous electrolyte solutions njenge-electrolytes, kwaye ibe yisisombululo esikhethiweyo sokugcina amandla emhlabeni jikelele. Uphuhliso lwayo lunokulandelwa emva kwenkulungwane ye-20, kwaye yenza inkqubela phambili emva kokubonakala kokuqala kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion kwiminyaka yee-1970. Namhlanje, iibhetri ze-lithium zihlulwe kakhulu zibe ngamacandelo amabini: iibhetri zetsimbi ze-lithium kunye neebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Le yokugqibela ayinayo i-metallic lithium kwaye iyatshajwa, kwaye iyathandwa ngenxa yeempawu zabo zokusebenza ezigqwesileyo.
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo eziluncedo kwiibhetri ze-lithium kukuxinaniswa kwazo okuphezulu kwamandla, okumalunga namaxesha amathandathu ukuya kwasixhenxe kuneebhetri ze-asidi ekhokelela. Olu phawu lubenza bafaneleke ngokukodwa usetyenziso olufuna izisombululo zamandla ezikhaphukhaphu neziphathwayo, njengezithuthi zombane kunye nezixhobo zombane eziphathwayo. Ukongezelela, iibhetri ze-lithium zinobomi obude benkonzo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphezu kweminyaka emithandathu, kunye ne-voltage ephezulu, kunye ne-voltage eyodwa yokusebenza kweseli ye-3.7V okanye i-3.2V. Amandla ayo okuphatha amandla aphezulu avumela ukukhawuleza okukhawulezayo, okwenza kube lukhetho olufanelekileyo kwizicelo eziphezulu.
Iibhetri zeLithium zinezinga eliphantsi lokuzikhupha, ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphantsi kwe-1% ngenyanga, nto leyo iphakamisa ngakumbi isibheno sazo. Eli nqaku liqinisekisa ukuba amandla agcinwa ixesha elide, okwenza kube yinto ethembekileyo yokukhetha umthengi kunye nezicelo zoshishino. Njengoko ihlabathi liya liguqukela kwizisombululo zamandla azinzileyo, iingenelo zeebhetri ze-lithium zibenza babe ngumdlali ophambili kwinguqu kwikamva eliluhlaza.
E-China, ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe bamandla obutsha kudlulela ngaphaya kwecandelo leemoto. Ulingo oluyimpumelelo lothutho lwebhetri ye-lithium-ion lubonisa ukuzibophelela kweTshayina ekuhlanganiseni izisombululo zamandla ahlaziyekayo kuzo zonke iindlela zothutho. Eli nyathelo aliphuculi nje ukusebenza kakuhle kwebhetri, kodwa likwahambelana neenjongo ezibanzi zaseTshayina zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo.
Njengoko uluntu lwehlabathi lusebenza ukujongana nemingeni yokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokuthotywa kokusingqongileyo, ukwamkela iibhetri ze-lithium kunye nokwakha iinkqubo zokuthutha ezisebenzayo ukulungiselela ezi zisombululo zokugcina amandla kuyinyathelo eliphambili eliya kwihlabathi eliluhlaza. Intsebenziswano phakathi kukaloliwe wesizwe kunye nomvelisi ophambili weebhetri uquka umoya wokuyila oqhuba inguqu yaseTshayina kumandla azinzileyo.
Ukuqukumbela, ukusebenza kovavanyo lweebhetri ze-lithium-ion zemoto kwinkqubo kaloliwe yaseTshayina imele inkqubela phambili enkulu kumhlaba wamandla welizwe. Ngokusebenzisa izibonelelo zeebhetri ze-lithium kunye nokuphucula izinto zokuhamba, i-China kulindeleke ukuba yomeleze indawo yayo kwimarike yamandla yehlabathi ngelixa inegalelo kwikamva elizinzileyo. Njengoko ihlabathi liqhubela kwizisombululo zamandla aluhlaza, ukuhlanganiswa kweebhetri ze-lithium kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa nomzila kaloliwe, kuya kudlala indima ephambili ekubunjweni kwe-ecosystem yamandla ecocekileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-21-2024