Ukuphuhliswa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kukwinqanaba eliphezulu, kwaye umba wokuzaliswa kwamandla kwakhona uye waba ngomnye wemiba enike ingqalelo epheleleyo kwishishini.Ngelixa wonke umntu exoxa ngokufaneleka kokutshaja kakhulu kunye nokutshintsha ibhetri, ngaba kukho "iPlan C" yokubiza izithuthi zamandla amatsha?
Mhlawumbi uphenjelelwa kukutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo kwee-smartphones, ukutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo kwiimoto kuye kwaba yenye yetekhnoloji ezoyiswe ziinjineli.Ngokweengxelo zemithombo yeendaba, kungekudala, itekhnoloji yokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo kwimoto yafumana uphando oluyimpumelelo.Iqela lophando kunye neqela lophuhliso libanga ukuba i-pad yokutshaja engenazingcingo ingathumela amandla kwimoto ngamandla aphumayo angama-100kW, anokunyusa izinga lokutshaja kwebhetri ngama-50% kwimizuzu engama-20.
Ewe kunjalo, itekhnoloji yokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo kwimoto ayiyoteknoloji entsha.Ngokunyuka kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha, imikhosi eyahlukeneyo ibijonga ukutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo ixesha elide, kubandakanya iBBA, iVolvo kunye neenkampani ezahlukeneyo zeemoto zasekhaya.
Lilonke, itekhnoloji yokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo kwimoto isekwinqanaba lokuqala, kwaye oorhulumente basekhaya abaninzi nabo bathatha eli thuba ukuhlola amathuba amakhulu othutho lwexesha elizayo.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezinto ezinje ngeendleko, amandla, kunye neziseko, itekhnoloji yokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo kwimoto ithengiswe ngomyinge omkhulu.Zininzi iingxaki ekusafuneka zoyiswe.Ibali elitsha malunga nokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo ezimotweni akulula ukubalisa okwangoku.
Njengoko sonke sisazi, ukutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo akukho nto intsha kwishishini leefowuni eziphathwayo.Ukutshaja iimoto okungenazingcingo akuthandwa njengokutshaja iiselfowuni, kodwa sele kutsale iinkampani ezininzi ukuba zibawele obu buchwepheshe.
Ngokubanzi, kukho iindlela ezine eziphambili zokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo: ukufakelwa kwe-electromagnetic, imagnetic field resonance, ukudibanisa intsimi yombane, kunye namaza erediyo.Phakathi kwazo, iifowuni eziphathwayo kunye nezithuthi zombane ikakhulu zisebenzisa i-electromagnetic induction kunye nemagnetic field resonance.
Phakathi kwazo, ukutshaja kwe-electromagnetic induction wireless kusebenzisa umgaqo wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic of electromagnetism kunye nemagnetism ukuvelisa umbane.Inokutshaja okusebenzayo, kodwa umgama osebenzayo wokutshaja mfutshane kwaye iimfuno zendawo yokutshaja nazo zingqongqo.Xa sithetha ngokuthelekisayo, ukutshaja kwemagnethi ngaphandle kwamacingo kuneemfuno ezisezantsi zendawo kunye nomgama omde wokutshaja, onokuxhasa iisentimitha ezininzi ukuya kwiimitha ezininzi, kodwa ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja kungaphantsi kancinci kunokuqala.
Ke ngoko, kumanqanaba okuqala okuhlola itekhnoloji yokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo, iinkampani zeemoto zithanda itekhnoloji yokutshaja engenazingcingo.Iinkampani ezimeleyo ziquka iBMW, iDaimler kunye nezinye iinkampani zezithuthi.Ukusukela ngoko, itekhnoloji yokutshaja engenazingcingo yemagnethi iye yanyuswa ngokuthe ngcembe, imelwe ngababoneleli benkqubo abanje ngeQualcomm kunye neWiTricity.
KwangoJulayi 2014, iBMW kunye noDaimler (ngoku eyiMercedes-Benz) babhengeze isivumelwano sentsebenziswano ukuphuhlisa ngokudibeneyo ubuchwepheshe bokutshaja obungenazingcingo kwizithuthi zombane.Ngo-2018, i-BMW yaqala ukuvelisa inkqubo yokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo kwaye yayenza isixhobo sokuzikhethela kwimodeli ye-5 Series plug-in hybrid.Amandla ayo okutshaja okulinganiselwe yi-3.2kW, ukuguqulwa kwamandla okusebenza kufikelela kwi-85%, kwaye inokuhlawulwa ngokupheleleyo kwiiyure ze-3.5.
Ngo-2021, iVolvo iza kusebenzisa i-XC40 yeteksi yombane esulungekileyo ukuqalisa imifuniselo yokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo eSweden.IVolvo iseke ngokukodwa iindawo zovavanyo ezininzi kwidolophu yaseGothenburg, eSweden.Izithuthi ezitshajayo kufuneka zipake kuphela kwizixhobo zokutshaja ezingenazingcingo ezifakwe endleleni ukuqalisa ngokuzenzekelayo umsebenzi wokutshaja.AbakwaVolvo bathi amandla ayo okutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo angafikelela ku-40kW, kwaye ikwazi ukuhamba umgama oyi-100 km kwimizuzu engama-30.
Kwintsimi yokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo, ilizwe lam belisoloko liphambili kwishishini.Ngo-2015, i-China Southern Power Grid iGuangxi Electric Power Research Institute yakha indlela yokuqala yokuvavanya isithuthi sombane sokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo.Ngo-2018, i-SAIC Roewe yasungula imodeli yokuqala yombane ecocekileyo kunye nokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo.I-FAW Hongqi yaphehlelela iHongqi E-HS9 exhasa ubuchwepheshe bokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo ngo-2020. NgoMatshi ka-2023, i-SAIC Zhiji iye yaphehlelela ngokusesikweni isisombululo sayo sokuqala se-11kW sesithuthi esikrelekrele sokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo.
Kwaye uTesla ungomnye wabahloli kwintsimi yokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo.NgoJuni ka-2023, uTesla uchithe i-76 yezigidi zeedola zaseMelika ukufumana iWiferion kwaye wayibiza ngokutsha ngokuba yiTesla Engineering Germany GmbH, ecwangcisa ukonyusa ukutshaja okungenazingcingo ngexabiso eliphantsi.Ngaphambili, i-CEO kaTesla uMusk wayenesimo sengqondo esingalunganga malunga nokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo kwaye wagxeka ukutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo "njengamandla aphantsi kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle".Ngoku uyibiza ngokuba likamva elithembisayo.
Ewe kunjalo, iinkampani ezininzi zeemoto ezinjengeToyota, Honda, Nissan, kunye neGeneral Motors nazo ziphuhlisa itekhnoloji yokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo.
Nangona amaqela amaninzi enze uphononongo lwexesha elide kwindawo yokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo, itekhnoloji yokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo kwimoto isekude ukuba yinyani.Into ephambili ethintela ukukhula kwayo ngamandla.Thatha iHongqi E-HS9 njengomzekelo.Itekhnoloji yokutshaja engenazingcingo exhotyiswe ngabo inamandla amakhulu aphuma kwi-10kW, angaphezulu nje kancinane kune-7kW amandla emfumba yokutshaja kancinane.Ezinye iimodeli zinokufikelela kuphela kumandla wokutshaja kwenkqubo ye-3.2kW.Ngamanye amazwi, akukho lula konke konke ngokusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja.
Ewe kunjalo, ukuba amandla okutshaja okungenazingcingo aphuculwe, inokuba lelinye ibali.Ngokomzekelo, njengoko kuchazwe ekuqaleni kwenqaku, iqela lophando kunye nophuhliso liphumelele amandla okuvelisa i-100kW, oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba amandla anjalo aphumayo anokufezekiswa, isithuthi sinokuhlawulwa ngokupheleleyo malunga neyure.Nangona kusenzima ukuthelekisa nokutshaja okuphezulu, iselukhetho olutsha lokuzaliswa kwamandla.
Ngokombono wemeko yokusetyenziswa, inzuzo enkulu yetekhnoloji yokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo kukuncitshiswa kwamanyathelo okwenziwa ngesandla.Xa kuthelekiswa nokutshaja ngeengcingo, abanini beemoto kufuneka benze uthotho lwemisebenzi efana nokupaka, ukuhla emotweni, ukuchola umpu, ukuplaga kunye nokutshaja, njl. , okuyinkqubo enzima ngokwentelekiso.
Imeko yokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo ilula kakhulu.Emva kokuba umqhubi epaka isithuthi, isixhobo siyaziva ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye emva koko sisihlawulise ngaphandle kwamacingo.Emva kokuba isithuthi sihlawuliswe ngokupheleleyo, isithuthi siqhubela kude ngokuthe ngqo, kwaye umnini akafuneki ukuba enze eminye imisebenzi.Ngokwembono yamava omsebenzisi, kuya kunika abantu imvakalelo yobunewunewu xa besebenzisa izithuthi zombane.
Kutheni ukutshaja kweemoto ngaphandle kwamacingo kutsala umdla ongaka kumashishini kunye nababoneleli?Ukusuka kwimbono yophuhliso, ukufika kwexesha lokungaqhubi kusenokuba lixesha lophuhliso olukhulu lobuchwepheshe bokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo.Ukuze iimoto zingaqhubi ngenene, zidinga ukutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo ukuze kususwe amakhamandela eentambo zokutshaja.
Ke ngoko, ababoneleli abaninzi abatshajayo banethemba elikhulu malunga nethemba lophuhliso lobuchwepheshe bokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo.Isigebenga saseJamani i-Siemens iqikelela ukuba imakethi yokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo kwizithuthi zombane eYurophu naseMntla Melika iya kufikelela kwi-2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2028. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ekuqaleni kukaJuni ka-2022, i-Siemens ityale imali ye-US$25 yezigidi ukuze ifumane isixa esincinci kumnikezeli wokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo i-WiTricity. ukukhuthaza uphando lobuchwephesha kunye nophuhliso lweenkqubo zokutshaja ezingenazingcingo.
I-Siemens ikholelwa ukuba ukutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo kwizithuthi zombane kuya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo kwixesha elizayo.Ukongeza ekwenzeni ukutshaja kube lula ngakumbi, ukutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo kukwayenye yeemeko eziyimfuneko zokuqonda ukuqhuba ngokuzimela.Ukuba ngenene sifuna ukusungula iimoto eziziqhubayo kumyinge omkhulu, itekhnoloji yokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo ibalulekile.Eli linyathelo elibalulekileyo kwihlabathi lokuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo.
Kakade ke, amathemba amakhulu, kodwa inyaniso imbi.Okwangoku, iindlela zokuzaliswa kwamandla ezithuthi zombane ziya zihluka ngakumbi, kwaye ithemba lokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo lilindeleke kakhulu.Nangona kunjalo, ngokwembono yangoku, itekhnoloji yokutshaja i-automotive wireless isekho kwinqanaba lokuvavanya kwaye ijongene neengxaki ezininzi, ezifana neendleko eziphezulu, ukutshaja okucothayo, imigangatho engahambelaniyo, kunye nenkqubela phambili yokuthengisa.
Ingxaki yokutshaja ngokufanelekileyo yenye yemiqobo.Umzekelo, sixoxe ngomba wokusebenza kakuhle kwiHongqi E-HS9 ekhankanywe ngasentla.Ukusebenza okuphantsi kokutshaja okungenazingcingo kugxekwe.Okwangoku, ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo kwizithuthi zombane kusezantsi kunokokutshaja ngeengcingo ngenxa yokulahleka kwamandla ngexesha lothumelo ngaphandle kwamacingo.
Ngokombono weendleko, ukutshaja kweemoto ezingenazingcingo kufuneka kuncitshiswe ngakumbi.Ukutshaja okungenazingcingo kuneemfuno eziphezulu zeziseko ezingundoqo.Amacandelo okutshaja ngokubanzi abekwe phantsi, okuya kubandakanya ukulungiswa komhlaba kunye neminye imiba.Iindleko zokwakha ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kuba phezulu kuneendleko zeemfumba eziqhelekileyo zokutshaja.Ukongeza, kwinqanaba lokuqala lokunyuswa kwetekhnoloji yokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo, ikhonkco leshishini lingekavuthwa, kwaye iindleko zamacandelo anxulumeneyo ziya kuba phezulu, namaxesha amaninzi ixabiso leemfumba ze-AC zokutshaja kunye namandla afanayo.
Umzekelo, umqhubi webhasi yaseBritane i-FirstBus ithathele ingqalelo ukusebenzisa itekhnoloji yokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo kwinkqubo yokukhuthaza ukufakwa kombane kwiinqanawa zayo.Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuhlolwa, kwafunyaniswa ukuba umthengisi ngamnye weepaneli zokutshaja komhlaba ucaphule i-70,000 pounds.Ukongeza, iindleko zokwakhiwa kweendlela zokutshaja ezingenazingcingo nazo ziphezulu.Umzekelo, iindleko zokwakha indlela yokutshaja engenazingcingo e-1.6 yeekhilomitha eSweden imalunga ne-US$12.5 yezigidi.
Ewe, imiba yokhuseleko isenokuba ngomnye wemiba ethintela iteknoloji yokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo.Ngokwembono yempembelelo yayo kumzimba womntu, ukutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo akuyonto inkulu.I-"Interim Regulations on Radio Management of Wireless Charging (Power Transmission) Equipment (Draft for Comments)" epapashwe liSebe lezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi ithi i-spectrum ye-19-21kHz kunye ne-79-90kHz ikhethekileyo kwiimoto zokutshaja ezingenazingcingo.Uphando olufanelekileyo lubonisa ukuba kuphela xa amandla okutshaja edlula i-20kW kwaye umzimba womntu unxibelelana ngokusondeleyo nesiseko sokutshaja, unokuba nefuthe elithile kumzimba.Nangona kunjalo, oku kukwafuna ukuba onke amaqela aqhubeke nokwazisa ukhuseleko phambi kokuba luqatshelwe ngabathengi.
Nokuba itekhnoloji yokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo iyasebenza kangakanani kwaye kulula kangakanani na iimeko zokusetyenziswa, kusekho indlela ende ekufuneka ihanjwe ngaphambi kokuba ithengiswe ngomyinge omkhulu.Ukuphuma kwilabhoratri kwaye uyisebenzise kubomi bokwenyani, indlela yokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo kwiimoto inde kwaye inzima.
Ngelixa onke amaqela ephonononga ngamandla itekhnoloji yokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo kwiimoto, umbono "wokutshaja iirobhothi" uye wavela ngokuzolileyo.Amanqaku entlungu aza kusonjululwa ngokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo amele umba wokusebenzisa lula ukutshaja, nto leyo eya kuncedisana nembono yokuqhuba ngaphandle komqhubi kwixesha elizayo.Kodwa kukho iindlela ezininzi eziya eRoma.
Ke ngoko, "iirobhothi zokutshaja" nazo sele ziqalisile ukuba sisongezelelo kwinkqubo yokutshaja ngobukrelekrele kweemoto.Kungekudala, iBeijing Sub-Central Construction yeSizwe yoMboniso woPhuhliso lohlaza lweNdawo entsha yovavanyo lwesiseko samandla saphehlelela irobhothi etshaja ibhasi ezenzekelayo ekwaziyo ukubiza iibhasi zombane.
Emva kokuba ibhasi yombane ingene kwisikhululo sokutshaja, inkqubo yombono ibamba ulwazi lokufika kwesithuthi, kunye nenkqubo yokuthumela imvelaphi ngokukhawuleza ikhupha umsebenzi wokuhlawula kwi-robot.Ngoncedo lwenkqubo yokufumana indlela kunye nendlela yokuhamba, i-robot iqhubela ngokuzenzekelayo kwisikhululo sokutshaja kwaye ibambe ngokuzenzekelayo umpu wokutshaja., usebenzisa itekhnoloji yokubeka imbonakalo yokuchonga indawo yezibuko lokutshaja isithuthi sombane kunye nokwenza imisebenzi yokutshaja ngokuzenzekelayo.
Ewe, iinkampani zeemoto nazo ziqala ukubona iingenelo "zokutshaja iirobhothi".Kwi-2023 Shanghai Auto Show, iLotus ikhuphe irobhothi yokutshaja i-flash.Xa isithuthi sifuna ukuhlawuliswa, irobhothi inokwandisa ingalo yayo ematshini kwaye ngokuzenzekelayo ifake umpu otshajayo kumngxunya wokutshaja wesithuthi.Emva kokutshaja, inokukhupha umpu ngokwawo, ukugqiba yonke inkqubo ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuhlawula isithuthi.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iirobhothi zokutshaja azinamsebenzi nje wokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo, kodwa zinokusombulula ingxaki yokunciphisa amandla okutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo.Abasebenzisi banokukonwabela ukonwabela ukutshaja ngaphandle kokuphuma emotweni.Ewe kunjalo, ukutshaja iirobhothi kuya kubandakanya iindleko kunye nemiba yobukrelekrele efana nokubeka kunye nokuphepha imiqobo.
Isishwankathelo: Umba wokuzaliswa kwamandla kwizithuthi zamandla amatsha ubusoloko ingumba obaluleke kakhulu kuwo onke amaqela akwishishini.Okwangoku, isisombululo se-overcharging kunye nesisombululo sokutshintshwa kwebhetri zezona zisombululo eziphambili.Ngokwethiyori, ezi zisombululo zibini zanele ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuzaliswa kwamandla kubasebenzisi ukuya kumlinganiselo othile.Ewe, izinto zihlala zihambela phambili.Mhlawumbi ngokufika kwexesha lokungaqhubi, ukutshaja okungenazingcingo kunye nokutshaja iirobhothi kunokungenisa amathuba amatsha.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-13-2024